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Semen Analysis
Indian spermtech uses guidelines established by the World Health Organization and The Assisted Reproductive Technologies (Regulation) Rules – 2021,Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR), to evaluate fertility. The following factors are measured when Indian spermtech performs an onsite semen analysis on fresh ejaculates
How to Prepare
- As part of the fertility workup, you’ll make an appointment to Indian Spermtech
- You’ll need to refrain from any sexual activity for at least three days, but not more than six to seven days before your sample is collected.
- This means no sex or no ejaculation of any kind, including masturbation. (Longer or shorter periods of abstinence may result in a lower sperm count, or decreased sperm motility or movement.)
- You’ll also need to give up some (potentially) unhealthy habits. It is best to limit smoking, drinking, and of course drugs during the 10 days preceding your sperm collection (you may want to consider these lifestyle changes even further in advance).
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Specific things that could affect the quality of your sperm sample include:
- Medication, such as cimetidine (Tagamet), male and female hormones (testosterone, estrogen), sulfasalazine, nitrofurantoin, and some chemotherapy medication.
- Caffeine, alcohol, cocaine, marijuana, and tobacco. Some drugs such as anabolic steroids can affect sperm production.
Collecting the Sample
- Masturbation is, most likely, the way you’ll collect your semen specimen.
There are a few instructions for collecting your semen sample:
- Make sure your hands and penis are clean.
- You need to be a purist. You shouldn’t use any lubricant.
- Don’t collect your semen in a condom (the spermicidal agents will alter the results of the analysis).
- You will need to ejaculate directly into a sterile container provided by lab. Avoid touching the inside of the cup and try to get the first part of your ejaculation in the cup, as it is thought to be the most sperm-rich. If any semen spills, do not attempt to transfer it to your cup. Inform to lab staff and take advice for repeat semen analysis
- As soon as you’ve collected your sample, put the lid on your container.
- Make sure your name, Reference number, time and date of your sample is clearly printed on the cup. Be sure to check that it is correct.
Collection of semen by condom:
- A sample may be collected in a condom during sexual intercourse only in exceptional circumstances, such as a demonstrated inability to produce a sample by masturbation. Only special non-toxic, non - Spermicidal condoms designed for semen collection should be used. The man should record the time of semen production and deliver the sample to the laboratory within 20 Minutes of collection. During transport to the laboratory, the sample should be kept between 20 °C and 37 °C.
Note: Ordinary latex condoms must not be used for semen collection because they contain agents that interfere with the motility of spermatozoa.
Transporting Your Semen
- If you’ve collected your sample outside of laboratory, you need to get it to the laboratorywithin 30 minutes after collection, but at least within 60 minutes
- Sperm does not have a long life outside of the body or in environments with fluctuating temperatures. Delays in delivering semen and exposure to various temperatures will result in lower overall motile sperm count and poor semen cryopreservation.
- Your semen sample should be kept as close to body temperature as possible. The sperm motility value will be inaccurately low if the semen sample gets too cold or if it gets too hot. laboratory, transport must not allow the sample temperature to go below 20 °C or above 37 °C.
- Keep your specimen container upright in a plastic bag, with the lid securely tightened. The specimen should not be placed in any purse, pocket or briefcase.
- We recommended that you produce the sperm sample on site (at Lab) and to get the best possible result. Avoid taking samples at home, a private semen collection room is available in our laboratory and is recommended for collection.
Analysis Will Include
- Volume
- Viscosity
- pH
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Motility expresses the percent of motile sperm compared to total sperm in the entire ejaculate. The categorization of sperm motility has reverted back to fast progressively motile, slow progressively motile, non-progressively motile and immotile (grade a, b, c or d) because presence (or absence) of rapid progressive spermatozoa is clinically important.
- rapidly progressive (≥25 µm/s) – spermatozoa moving actively, either linearly or in a large circle, covering a distance, from the starting point to the end point, of at least 25 µm (or ½ tail length) in one second;
- slowly progressive (5 to < 25 µm/s) – spermatozoa moving actively, either linearly or in a large circle, covering a distance, from the starting point to the end point, of 5 to < 25 µm (or at least one head length to less than ½ tail length) in one second;
- non-progressive (< 5 µm/s) – all other patterns of active tail movements with an absence of progression – i.e. swimming in small circles, the flagellar force displacing the head less than 5 µm (one head length), from the starting point to the end point; and
- Immotile – no active tail movements.
- White Blood Cells ( WBCs)
- Red Blood Cells ( RBCs)
- Morphology: Morphology classifies sperm as a useful indicator of exposure to environmental and occupational toxicants. In this analysis, the size and shape of the sperm are examined for abnormalities such as head, midpiece, or tail defects. describes the shape and size of sperm. At least 30% of sperm should be oval shaped, and usually up to 70% of sperm are abnormally shaped in some way. As yet, there's no precise understanding of how each individual abnormality affects fertility, but mild abnormalities such as midpiece and taper defects are quite common and don't necessarily indicate a fertility problem. Other abnormalities that will inhibit sperm's capacity for fertilization include microcephalic head, amorphous head, duplicate head, and abnormal tail. Immature sperm cells are incapable of fertilization.
- Asthenozoospermia: percentage of progressively motile sperm is below the lower reference limit
- Asthenoteratozoospermia: percentage of progressively motile as well as morphologically normal sperm is below the lower reference limits.
- Azoospermia: no sperm in the ejaculate
- Normozoospermia: total number of sperm with percentage of progressively motile and morphologically normal sperms equals to or above the reference limits.
- Oligoasthenoozoosperm: total number of sperms and percentages of progressively motile sperm below the lower reference limit.
- Oligoasthenoteratozoospermia( OAT): total number of sperm with percentage of progressively motile and morphologically normal sperm is below the reference limit 5-14 million/ml >4% morphology and progressive motility >32%
- Oligoteratozoospermia: total number of percentage of morphologically normal sperm is below the lower reference limits.
- Oligozoospermia: total number of sperm is below the lower reference limit.
- Teratozoospermia: percentage f morphologically normal sperm is below the lower reference limit.
- Severe OAT: total number of sperms >5 million/Ml with >4% morphology and progressive motility >32%
- Severe oligozoospermia: total number of sperm >5 million/ml.
- Globozoospermia: the acrosome may fail to develop, giving rise to the “round-head defect” or “globozoospermia”.
- Hematozoospermia: The presence of blood in your semen is known medically as hematospermia (also called hemospermia).
- Hypospermia: Hypospermia is a condition in which humans have an unusually low ejaculate (or semen) volume, less than 1.5 mL.
- Leukocytospermia: Leukocytospermia is a condition in which an unusually high number of white blood cells are present in the semen
- Necrozospermia: Necrozospermia is a condition in which there is a low percentage of live and a very high percentage of immotile spermatozoa in semen.
- Aspermia: No apparent ejaculate.
